P. Serdyukov

Abstract

The relevance of the study is the need to improve the reliability of non-contact control of the geometric parameters of fuel assemblies under conditions of limited access to the objects and exposure to ionizing radiation. The implementation of the parallax-shift method, which uses sequential frames acquired by a television camera during its arc-shaped motion to form quasi-stereo pairs of images, requires the selection of an imaging device that simultaneously provides sufficient spatial resolution, radiation resistance, temperature stability, and stability of image parameters. The aim of this study is to substantiate the selection of a charge-coupled device (CCD)-based television camera for a non-contact system for measuring the height differences of fuel assemblies under radiation exposure. Methods. Requirements for the main technical characteristics of the camera were established based on the operating conditions in the core of a water-cooled, water-moderated power reactor. A weighted-criteria method was applied to comparatively evaluate the alternatives, taking into account radiation resistance, operating temperature range, spatial resolution, geometric stability, and characteristics of the generated image. In addition, the influence of camera parameters on the accuracy of subsequent height-difference determination using the parallax-shift method was evaluated. Results. A comparative analysis of five television camera models was performed. The Hitachi KP-DE500R camera was identified as the most preferable option, with an integrated score of Q = 0,91. It was demonstrated that the selected camera provides the required television image quality and possesses the characteristics necessary for forming quasi-stereo pairs during arc-shaped camera motion. Verification of the measurement method using subpixel localization of informative image elements and the accumulation of approximately 250 quasi-stereo pairs demonstrated the feasibility of determining height differences with an accuracy of 1.3--2.0 mm. The novelty of the study lies in substantiating the selection of the type and specific model of a television camera for a measurement system based on the parallax-shift method, taking into account a combination of operational and metrological requirements. Practical significance. The results obtained can be used in the development of non-contact television inspection systems for monitoring the geometric parameters of fuel assemblies at nuclear power plants.

Keywords
CCD matrix, radiation hardness, television camera, nuclear power plant, fuel assemblies, discretization, measurement error.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-1-10
EDN LIDFVZ

S. Dolzhenkov

Abstract

Problem statement (relevance). The digital educational environment of a specialized university, which has evolved as a set of loosely coupled automated systems, successfully handles administrative support and content delivery, but proves to be fundamentally limited in providing end-to-end competency analytics, personalized career guidance, adaptability to labour market dynamics, and diagnostics of its own integration integrity. Overcoming these limitations requires the introduction of a specialized educational technology -- IT‑Skills -- whose success depends on the validity of a system of information-functional principles. Earlier, the author proposed a two‑level system comprising five basic (necessary) and four optional (sufficient) principles. The validity of the latter requires rigorous proof. The aim of this work is to prove the validity of the principles of adaptability, personalization, analytics, and diagnosability for integrating IT‑Skills technology into the digital educational environment. To prove this, a modified reasoning-from-the-alternative method is applied: for each principle, an antithesis is constructed, and a cause-and-effect analysis reveals the degradation in the indicators of skill model currency, goal alignment accuracy, reporting completeness, and integration failure detection time. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the four optional principles are substantiated as sufficient conditions that transform integration from a mere technical act into a meaningful renewal of the digital educational environment. The result of the work is a proof of the necessity of adhering to the optional principles; a holistic regulatory framework for integration is established, which is hypothesized to meet the information-functional needs of all participants in the educational process. The theoretical significance lies in the formalization of integration effectiveness indicators through mathematical expressions; quantitative criteria are also introduced for verifying the effectiveness of each principle. The practical significance is that compliance with the substantiated principles collectively ensures an improvement in the quality of IT personnel training.

Keywords
integration of educational technologies, information-functional principles, IT‑Skills, digital educational environment, adaptability, personalisation, learning analytics, integration failure diagnostics, reasoning-from-the-alternative method.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-11-24
EDN JERZGA

T. Lapteva, A. Muthanna

Abstract

Telepresence is a key service in sixth-generation networks, placing stringent quality of service requirements on them. Current and future communications infrastructures are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Ensuring a stable level of quality of service is therefore a complex task requiring an integrated approach and innovative solutions. Traditional management methods, such as static prioritization or adaptive algorithms, lack sufficient flexibility, while centralized machine learning approaches are associated with privacy risks and high network load. The aim of this paper is to systematize and comparatively analyze federated learning methods used to predict and optimize quality of service in heterogeneous telepresence networks. The essence of the approach proposed in this paper lies in the author's classification of federated learning methods based on two criteria: architectural organization and the method of adaptation to heterogeneity. Detailed descriptions are provided for each class, and strengths and weaknesses are highlighted. The comparative analysis is based on comparing approaches based on key metrics: forecast accuracy, convergence rate, communication delays, privacy, device computational load, heterogeneity resilience, implementation complexity, and security. The analysis was based on data from peer-reviewed sources, which allowed us to identify quantitative advantages (e.g., a 1.91--38.89% reduction in training rounds and a 9.52--40.00% reduction in communication delays for the hierarchical MultiFed architecture). Experimental data presented in the analyzed papers confirm that federated learning provides a balance between predictive accuracy, privacy, and scalability, with the gains being most noticeable for devices with heterogeneous data. The scientific novelty lies in the proposed classification of federated learning methods and the systematization of their advantages and limitations as applied to the specifics of telepresence networks, which enables an informed choice of architecture depending on the use case. The authors' practical significance lies in their recommendations for selecting a federated learning method for various conditions (regional heterogeneity, limited device resources, and stringent latency requirements), which can be used in the design and operation of communication networks.

Keywords
federated learning, distributed learning, telepresence, QoS, heterogeneous networks, 6G, latency optimization, QoS prediction.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-25-36
EDN LPRJVF

G. Fokin, N. Sheremet

Abstract

Purpose. Modern and advanced wireless communication systems impose high requirements on the accuracy of device positioning, which makes the task of angle-of-arrival estimation relevant. The aim of the work is experimental approbation of angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms on the affordable software-defined radio platform KrakenSDR in a real urban environment. Methods. The paper considers five algorithms: the classical Bartlett spectral algorithm, super-resolution algorithms MVDR and MEM, as well as subspace algorithms MUSIC and Root-MUSIC. The experiment was conducted for two antenna array configurations (circular and linear) with subsequent post-processing in MATLAB. Elements of novelty include comprehensive experimental comparison of five angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms of different nature on a single low-cost SDR platform, as well as evaluation of the influence of antenna array configuration and processing mode (real-time and post-processing) on the direction-finding accuracy in urban conditions. Results. It was found that the MUSIC algorithm provides the most stable results, and the linear antenna array demonstrates lower error and scatter of estimates compared to the circular one. Post-processing of recorded data allows reducing direction-finding errors for most algorithms. For the circular array under favorable conditions, the mean absolute bias was 2.8–6.0°, and the standard deviation was 0.0–3.5°. Practical relevance. The presented results confirm the applicability of the KrakenSDR platform as an affordable experimental testbed for research on angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms. The obtained data can be used in the development of positioning systems, radio monitoring, and electronic intelligence based on low-cost SDR solutions.

Keywords
SDR, KrakenSDR, Bartlett algorithm, MVDR, MEM, MUSIC, Root-MUSIC, antenna array.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-37-52
EDN GBDOLZ

I. Komarov, A. Paramonov

Abstract

Purpose. The increasing number of connected devices and the intensity of information exchange in Internet of Things systems leads to an increased load on communication channels and computing nodes. Centralized transmission of the entire data volume to the cloud infrastructure with limited channel bandwidth and finite buffer capacity may be accompanied by an increase in delivery latency and the probability of message loss. Distributing processing between edge, fog, and cloud nodes allows for a reduction in the volume of traffic transmitted to the upper network layers; however, the effectiveness of various architecture options depends on the intensity, structure, and variability of the input flow. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of distributing the processing of heterogeneous IoT traffic between the edge, fog, and cloud layers on the average delivery latency and the probability of message loss. Methods. The solution to the problem is based on discrete-event simulation in the AnyLogic environment using elements of the process modeling library. Three system design options are investigated: centralized cloud processing, joint use of edge and cloud computing, and a three-tier Edge-Fog-Cloud architecture. The model takes into account three message classes, finite buffer capacity, performance of computing nodes and communication channels, aggregation of a portion of the processed traffic, as well as the variability of message arrival and servicing processes. Novelty. The novelty of the presented study is the simulation implementation of a multi-tier architecture for processing heterogeneous IoT traffic with separate consideration of the edge, fog, and cloud layers, as well as a study of the impact of variability of arrival and servicing processes on message delivery delay with changes in the input flow intensity. Results. A simulation model has been developed that enables a parametric study of three architecture options with changes in the input flow intensity from 20 to 400 messages per second. The dependences of the probability of message loss and the average delivery delay on the traffic intensity for three processing scenarios are obtained. For a multi-tier architecture, dependencies of average latency on the degree of variability of the arrival and service processes were additionally obtained. Practical relevance. The developed model enables a comparative evaluation of distributed IoT system design options, identification of congestion zones, and assessment of the impact of traffic characteristics, computing nodes, communication channels, and final buffers on message service quality.

Keywords
IoT, edge computing, fog computing, queueing systems, delay, message loss.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-53-69
EDN CBNOAJ

G. Moiseenko

Abstract

Problem statement. Unintentional violations by a user of instructions for working with an information system, leading to information security threats (unintentional insider incidents), are a serious issue in the field of information security. The main cause of such violations is that, due to a certain psycho-emotional state of the user, a deviation in behavior occurs, and the user may make mistakes both in choosing and in working with system interface elements: for example, entering confidential data into "open" fields. The aim of this work is to describe a software tool for modeling, developed based on the author's system interface model and instructions. Research methods: computer modeling, software engineering, experiment. The result: in addition to the very fact of creating a software tool, its operability has been proven in terms of modeling the interface in an information system and instructions for working with it, as well as the visibility of the resulting graphical representation. The practical significance lies in the fact that this tool allows you to implement a method to counteract the deviation of user behavior by solving the optimization problem of clarifying instructions in terms of the specification of the description of interface elements; at the same time, this task is multi-criteria, since increasing the content of instructions leads to the opposite effect - complicating its perception by humans.

Keywords
unintentional insider, behavior deviation, modeling, software tool, experiment.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-4-1-14
EDN SFRRWR

V. Komarov

Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the reliability of an employee of a critical information infrastructure entity involved in implementing measures to respond to computer incidents and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks on significant objects of the specified infrastructure, as well as to assess the feasibility of using this parameter to characterize the employee in decision support systems. As part of the solution to the problem of assigning responsible employees to implement measures to respond to computer incidents and eliminate the consequences of computer attacks, a methodological approach has been proposed to determine the reliability of the employee responsible for implementing the computer incident response plan. Practical experimental studies have been conducted to assess the effectiveness of the actions of employees of critical information infrastructure entities with different qualifications and skills. As a result of the study, an approach is proposed to calculate the main indicators of the performer's qualifications and skills, as well as to use the obtained indicators when solving the task of assigning performers (the assignment problem), which will reduce the time required to respond to a computer incident and eliminate the consequences of a computer attack. The obtained results allow for the reasonable formation of requirements for the qualifications and skills of personnel in the security forces of significant critical information infrastructure facilities and ensure the interchangeability of performers. The practical significance lies in solving the problem of optimal distribution (assignment) of an executor, taking into account their qualifications and skills, when responding to computer incidents and eliminating the consequences of computer attacks.

Keywords
critical information infrastructure, object of critical information infrastructure, computer incident, model, computer attack.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-4-15-30
EDN TTTFWO

A. Belov, E. Khutornaya

Abstract

Problem statement. Ultra-wideband real-time local positioning systems use pulsed radio signals with an effective spectrum width of at least 500 MHz for data transmission. They feature high localization accuracy (10–30 cm) and transmission speeds (up to 27.24 Mbps, with potential for growth to 480 Mbps). This makes them an essential component in building multi-purpose systems for monitoring the movements of people and vehicles, access control (without barriers), including access to hazardous areas, etc. However, the range of such systems rapidly decreases with increasing bit rate and is also dependent on many other factors. At the same time, a universal system must be fast enough to solve problems such as vehicle collision avoidance, robot control, etc. Under these conditions, the successful application of ultra-wideband solutions requires an operational mechanism for evaluating key system parameters depending on a host of influencing factors, such as signal spectral characteristics, equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) spectral density standards, transceiver settings, permissible bit error rates, etc. The goal of the work is to study the factors influencing the key parameters of ultra-wideband local positioning systems in real time and, based on this, develop an evaluation model of the transmission process as a tool for system design and maintenance. Methods used: analysis of data on influencing factors, construction and superposition of a propagation loss model and radio link budget models, working with a common model, and deriving patterns of key parameter changes at boundary values of the influencing factors. Novelty. A single common model systematizes the factors of two types of models that influence transmission range. Result. A tool for designing and maintaining ultra-wideband real-time local positioning systems has been developed, enabling prediction of their behavior under different combinations of influencing factors, in particular, ensuring maximum range at a given bit rate. Practical significance. The presented study can be used as a methodological support for classes introducing ultra-wideband real-time local positioning systems and estimating their range depending on the transmission rate and other factors.

Keywords
ultra-wideband communications, ultra-wideband signals, real-time local positioning system, equivalent isotropically radiated power spectral density, ultra-wideband real-time local positioning systems, bit error rate.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-4-31-53
EDN JVKANN

M. Isakov, O. Simonina

Abstract

Relevance. In the current conditions of telecommunications development, the shortwave band retains its significance as a cost-effective solution for long-range communication. At the same time, the existing methods of signal processing in HF channels require improvement in efficiency in the conditions of a complex ionospheric environment. The use of machine learning technologies opens up new opportunities for improving the quality of communication. The purpose of the study is to improve the quality of communication in the short-wave (SW) channel by applying machine learning methods for predicting ionospheric parameters and demodulating signals using OFDM technologies. The research methods include the simulation of LSTM-networks for predicting ionospheric parameters, as well as the application of convolutional (CNN) and multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for demodulating signals. The work uses quality metrics such as RMSE and BER, as well as ITU-R P.533-14 recommendations for modeling signal propagation conditions.The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to improving communication quality in the HF channel, which combines ionospheric parameter forecasting with machine learning techniques for signal demodulation. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of various neural network architectures in the HF channel is proposed. The results of the study showed that the use of CNN-demodulators provides the best signal reception quality at low SNR values, demonstrating a gain of up to 2.5 dB compared to the classical correlation method. LSTM-networks showed high efficiency in predicting the maximum applicable frequencies and other ionospheric parameters. The practical significance of this work is to develop methods for improving the quality of communication in the HF band, which can be used to create adaptive radio communication systems with automatic selection of operating frequencies and modulation parameters.

Keywords
short-wave communication, OFDM, machine learning, LSTM-networks, CNN, MLP, demodulation, ionosphere forecasting, communication quality.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-4-54-70
EDN NASEQO

M. Buinevich, S. Dolzhenkov

Abstract

The relevance of this work is driven by the growing contradiction between the dynamic labor market requirements for IT competencies and the inertia of the higher education system, which calls for a systemic rather than fragmented approach to integrating IT Skills technology into the digital educational environment. The goal of the study is a systemic conceptualization of the problem field of integrating IT Skills technology into the digital educational environment of a specialized university. The research methods include theoretical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature and practical integration experience, a systemic approach that examines content, architectural, and interface aspects in their interrelation, as well as conceptual modeling methodology to substantiate the structure of information functional support for integration. The main result of the study is the systematization of three key problems –content validity, architectural compatibility, and the organization of human machine interaction – considered not in isolation but as an interconnected complex that forms a systemic barrier to the formation of relevant IT competencies in students. Based on this analysis, the object, subject, and hypothesis of the research are formulated, and three anticipated scientific outcomes are identified: a system of integration principles, an information functional architecture for the IT Skills module, and an interface organization method aimed at reducing cognitive barriers. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that, unlike existing approaches that treat content, architectural, and interface integration problems separately and propose partial solutions, this study is the first to identify and substantiate the systemic nature of these problems. The theoretical significance consists in substantiating the structure of information functional support for integration and establishing the key condition for successful integration of IT Skills technology into the digital educational environment – a system of principles that reconciles labor market requirements with pedagogical ergonomics. The practical significance is determined by the fact that the formulated hypothesis and anticipated scientific outcomes form a vector based “roadmap” for the subsequent development and implementation of information functional support aimed at overcoming the identified barriers.

Keywords
IT Skills technology, IT competencies, digital educational environment, integration problems, systemic approach, information functional support.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-4-71-82
EDN MCBXLG

P. Serdyukov

Abstract

Problem statement. Height variation control of fuel assembly heads in nuclear reactor cores is a critical operation during scheduled maintenance, ensuring the safety of nuclear plant operation. The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model justifying the applicability of the parallax shift method for contactless height measurement in confined working conditions. The scientific novelty. Based on a projective model of a CCD television camera and the arc motion geometry, analytical relationships between the disparity of head projection centers and their height differences are derived. Results. Quantitative dependencies of the height measurement error on baseline, focal length, and center localization accuracy are obtained. It is established that with a baseline of 12 mm, suspension height of 1200–1300 mm, and sub-pixel estimation of the projection center along the fuel assembly head contour, a measurement error of 1.3–2.0 mm is achieved. This meets the requirements of industrial inspection (tolerance 3 mm) and surpasses the accuracy of the existing contact method (5 mm). Practical significance. The derived dependencies enable informed selection of system parameters at the design stage.

Keywords
parallax shift, quasi-stereopair, fuel assemblies, mathematical model, disparity, height measurement, CCD sensor, photogrammetry.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-57-67
EDN YTKEHT

A. Tishkov, G. Fokin

Abstract

Purpose. To analyze the simulation tools available in the Satellite Communication Toolbox expansion package for modeling the physical principles of the construction and operation of satellite communication systems in general and the link budget assessment in particular. The aim of the work is to prepare the groundwork for a training and methodological complex for studying the satellite segment of hybrid orbital-terrestrial communication networks. Methods: an overview of the simulation tools of the Satellite Communication Toolbox and their capabilities for studying the link budget of the satellite segment of hybrid orbital-terrestrial communication networks. Novelty. Unlike the works devoted to the study of the channel budget, the author’s approach consists in the formalization of proposals for the use of the simulation tools of the Satellite Communication Toolbox in solving typical practical problems of estimating the satellite communication channel budget in order to consolidate the studied physical principles in laboratory and practical classes. Results of this work is the preparation of materials for studying the satellite communication channel budget for educational and methodological purposes. Theoretical / Practical relevance: the significance of the presented material lies in the improvement of the training and methodological complex for studying the principles of construction and functional features of modern and promising satellite communication systems.

Keywords
Satellite Communications Toolbox, MATLAB, satellite communications, satellite link budget analysis.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-1-21
EDN DQPSAM

D. Novikova, V. Podvigin

Abstract

Problem statement. A significant share of information security incidents on workstations is associated with process execution that deviates from typical user behavior. Traditional protection tools focused on signatures and network events do not provide behavioral context at the endpoint level, which limits the detection of rare processes and atypical parent – child process chains. The aim of the study is to improve the effectiveness of detecting deviations in user process activity by developing an agent-based monitoring system that accumulates process execution history and evaluates its typicality on workstations. Methods. The solution is based on an agent – server architecture including periodic collection of process state snapshots, process session construction, accumulative storage, and rule-based server-side analysis. Detection relies on process rarity assessment based on occurrence frequency, analysis of parent–child process chains, and rule-based identification of combined deviations without using machine learning methods. The novelty lies in a rule-based approach to behavioral analysis of processes on workstations based on the combination of a cumulative session storage, catalogs of allowed processes and process chains, and centralized server-side deviation detection logic. In contrast to existing approaches, the analysis focuses on assessing activity typicality rather than classifying maliciousness. Results. A prototype system for the Windows operating system has been developed, including a lightweight client agent and a server application based on FastAPI and SQLite. The system collects and stores process execution history, detects rare and atypical process launches, and generates alerts. Functional validation confirmed the correctness of the implemented analytical rules and the ability to generate informative signals of atypical activity. Practical significance. The proposed approach enables the formation of behavioral context of process activity on workstations and can be used as an additional data source for security monitoring and analysis systems, including SIEM and SOC, improving the detection of new and atypical user activity scenarios.

Keywords
process monitoring, information security, behavioral analysis, agent-based system, application classification, user activity, anomalous processes.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-22-34
EDN DIUDHK

M. Belov, E. Kuzmina, N. Filina, A. Muthanna

Abstract

Purpose. The development of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) within the framework of the “Industry 4.0” paradigm is accompanied by an increase in the number of connected devices, growing demands for data transmission rate, and stringent latency constraints. In real-time control systems, even millisecond-level delays may lead to desynchronization of robotic mechanisms, production line interruptions, and economic losses. Widely used transport protocols, TCP and UDP, exhibit significant limitations: the former provides reliability at the cost of increased latency and overhead, while the latter ensures minimal delay without delivery control, which is critical for industrial processes. The purpose of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of TCP, UDP, and QUIC transport protocols under conditions close to industrial scenarios and to evaluate their applicability for robotic control and reliable IIoT communications. Methods. Network analysis was conducted using the Wireshark packet analyzer and a custom-developed Python-based software complex incorporating the pyshark and matplotlib libraries. The study included PCAP file analysis, construction of time series, calculation of key metrics (command transmission rate, packet loss ratio, and command series size b), and their visualization. The elements of novelty consist in the comprehensive comparison of three transport protocols in the context of robotic manipulator control, where millisecond-level delays are critical; the application of QUIC, a relatively new protocol not previously examined in applied IIoT scenarios; and the development of a software tool enabling automated traffic analysis and classification in industrial environments. Results. Experimental results show that TCP provides zero packet loss but an unacceptably low command rate (0.58 commands/s). UDP achieves an order-of-magnitude higher rate (5.8 commands/s) but suffers from 3.88 % packet loss, rendering it unsuitable for high-precision operations. QUIC demonstrates the best performance: 18.16 commands/s with less than 1 % packet loss and a threefold increase in the average command series size b. Theoretical relevance. The obtained results confirm the prospects of using the QUIC protocol in IIoT industrial networks. Its adoption ensures minimal latency and high transmission reliability while significantly reducing network load through stream multiplexing. Practical implementation may involve integration of QUIC into robotic control systems, sensor networks, and production lines, aligning with the requirements for scalable and secure next-generation communications.

Keywords
Industrial Internet of Things, transport protocol, TCP, UDP, QUIC, industrial robotics, latency, data transmission reliability, network efficiency.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-35-56
EDN YKGWDF

M. Bylina, A. Shevtsova

Abstract

Background. Modern OTN-DWDM optical transport networks have complex topologies, with more than one route between any two network nodes. Dynamic optical routing of spectral channels is required for flexible network management and to ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation. Spectral channel routes in OTN-DWDM networks are created using optical add / drop multiplexers (OADMs). Passive OADMs, based on optical filters, do not allow route changes without physical equipment replacement. Therefore, reconfigurable OADMs (ROADMs) are used in modern networks, enabling dynamic channel rerouting. Purpose. To qualitatively assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using ROADMs in OTN-DWDM networks based on a comparative analysis of their structural diagrams and architectures. Results. The operating principles and structural diagrams of ROADMs and their main components--wavelength-selective switches (WSS)--for DWDM networks using fixed and flexible spectral channel grids are examined. A comparative analysis of ROADM architectures (Colored, Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless, Broadcast-and-Select, Route-and-Select) is conducted. Recommendations for selecting a ROADM architecture for an OTN-DWDM transport network are provided. Practical relevance. The proposed recommendations for selecting a ROADM architecture can be used in the design and modernization of OTN-DWDM networks to reduce operating costs and improve network resilience.

Keywords
dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM, optical transport network OTN, reconfigurable optical add / drop multiplexer ROADM, wavelength-selective switch WSS, Colorless Directionless Contentionless ROADM, broadcast-and-select architecture, Route-and-Select architecture.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-68-85
EDN MQPIJB

Medvedev S.

Abstract

Purpose. The .NET Framework technology stack is widely used in agricultural research for mathematical modeling of agroecosystems. One of the most relevant areas of research is ensemble computations. Conducting such research requires a lightweight remote procedure call (RPC) mechanism that enables efficient network communication between applications. Methods. .NET Framework technology stack with previously developed RW.Ring platform libraries; object-oriented programming; techniques for working with TCP and HTTP network protocols; methods for building service-oriented architecture. Results. The developed module supports various methods of network interaction: remote procedure calls (RPC) and binary commands, as well as their integration into the client-server architecture. The module's advantages over WCF technology are highlighted: high performance, code compactness, minimization of computational resources, and flexibility in adapting to various tasks. The module supports TCP and HTTP protocols, enabling developers to tailor it for processing large data volumes, including serialization and user authentication. Examples of the module's application in agroecosystem research are provided, where it enables analysis of climate change impacts on crop yields while reducing the costs of field experiments. The module simplifies integration into distributed systems, optimizes resource usage, and supports real-time field research. The scientific novelty lies in developing a lightweight alternative to traditional network interaction technologies, reducing overhead and enhancing performance. A more universal binary command mechanism is proposed to complement the traditional service-oriented architecture. Its practical significance is evident in improving the efficiency of researchers handling large datasets and supporting decision-making in agriculture. The module integrates with remote sensing systems for automated photo analysis, expanding its applications in the agroindustrial sector. The RW.Ring platform significantly contributes to the development of digital technologies for agriculture, offering an innovative approach to organizing distributed computations and network interactions, making it a promising tool for international scientific collaborations.

Keywords
network module, RW.Ring platform, client-server architecture, remote procedure call, binary commands, serialization, authentication, agroecosystems, modeling, performance.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-3-1-17
EDN NKQDLT

T. Saratova

Abstract

Relevance. The modern educational space is undergoing a transformation due to global digitalization, the development of information technology and the need to improve the quality of education. The purpose of the article is to develop a modified architecture of the digital educational environment to increase the effectiveness of the intellectual implementation of the educational process. The implementation of adaptive interaction of participants in the educational process is carried out through the components of intellectual support with an assessment of the results of interaction for subsequent decision-making in the learning process using the example of the structure of higher education institutions. Methods. Structural and functional analysis was used to identify the functions of the considered subsystems of the digital environment. To develop a conceptual representation of the architecture of the educational environment, modeling was applied taking into account the logical connections between the components of the environment. Result. The article analyzes the basic components of the architecture of digital environments of educational organizational structures, and develops a modified architecture of the digital educational environment for intelligent support of the educational process. The scientific novelty lies in the development of a modified architecture of the digital environment with the justification of information and communication components for the implementation of intellectual interaction of participants in the educational process. The practical significance is manifested in increasing the effectiveness of adaptive interaction of participants in the educational process through intellectual support based on a modified architecture of the digital educational environment with information and communication components.

Keywords
digital educational environment, adaptive feedback, intelligent support, distance learning system.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-3-18-25
EDN YIPKKQ

R. Vivchar, A. Lazutin, A. Smirnov, S. Cherkasov, A. Zaycev, R. Kirichek

Abstract

Purpose. Developing a development concept for mineral fertilizer production enterprises aimed at improving integrated automated information and analytical support systems for decision-making processes across all stages of production. The objective of the work is to present the developed development concept for JSC Apatit, aimed at improving information and analytical support for mineral fertilizer production to increase the efficiency of this process. Novelty. The novelty of the developed concept lies in ensuring the innovative nature of production management by creating the possibility of complete information and analytical support for the processes of development and decision-making at all stages of production. Results. A development concept for JSC Apatit has been developed, proposing improvements to information and analytical support for production, which will ensure its innovative nature through the use of intelligent digital technologies. The initial results of the concept's implementation are presented, including the developed ZIIOT Industrial Internet of Things platform, ZIAK MES basic digitalization components, and the EXTERNUM distributed control system. To achieve the development concept's goals, an end-to-end procedure for information and analytical support for production was developed based on the Zyfra IIOT Platform digital platform, the Zyfra Industrial Automation Kit, and intelligent technologies. Practical relevance. The implementation of the concept will improve the efficiency and validity of decisions on managing the production of mineral fertilizers, reduce costs and losses, improve interaction between all production units, and increase the efficiency of personnel.

Keywords
automated production control system, production, Zyfra, production management system.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-3-26-38
EDN WBAGVR

A. Avetikov, M. Bugayev, S. Kislyakov

Abstract

Relevance. In the field of communications technologies, the use of digital twins remains a relatively new direction. Their implementation in network infrastructure and communication systems is still not fully explored: established approaches, standards, and a unified methodology for deployment and operation in networks are lacking; nevertheless, interest in them is rapidly growing. Purpose of the work ‒ to study the existing experience of using digital twins by communication operators. Result. An analysis of real scenarios for the use of digital twins for telecommunications operators' tasks is presented. A comparative analysis of the vision of digital twin technologies from the perspective of organizations such as ITU, IETF, and 3GPP is also provided.

Keywords
digital twin, telecommunications, smart city, 5G / 6G networks, standardization.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-3-39-47
EDN RUTAWZ

A. Belov, E. Khutornaya

Abstract

Problem statement. Ultra-wideband technologies based on the transmission of pulsed signals with a spectral width of 500 MHz and higher, unlike other wireless communication technologies (Wi-Fi, BLE, nanoNET), provide high localization accuracy (10–30 cm) and bit rates (up to 27.24 Mbps with potential for growth) for local positioning. However, the transmission range rapidly decreases with increasing bit rate, and the increase in transmitter power is limited by the standards for the spectral density of equivalent isotropically radiated power. Nevertheless, due to their advantages, ultra-wideband technologies are in high demand for solving problems such as collision avoidance for moving vehicles, robot control, providing access to hazardous equipment, and, in general, for building multi-task real-time positioning systems. Therefore, there is currently a rapid adoption of ultra-wideband real-time positioning systems or hybrid systems that necessarily incorporate ultra-wideband solutions, despite their relatively high cost. At the same time, chip manufacturers and system designers are constantly improving their key parameters: localization accuracy, transmission speed, and range. Ultra-wideband modules are also integrated into smartphones and enable high-precision navigation and the search for tag-enabled items. Under these conditions, it is crucial for designers to understand the capabilities and limitations of ultra-wideband positioning, correctly assess the impact of influencing factors, and the development trends of the regulatory and component base. This work is intended to formulate methodological aspects of this understanding, which is its relevance. The goal of the work is to explore the possibilities of improving the key parameters of ultra-wideband real-time positioning systems through tuning methods for the purposes of design and maintenance. Methods used: analysis of regulatory and component development trends, study of the influence of transmission parameters and spectral characteristics of signals on key parameters of ultra-wideband real-time positioning systems, and exploration of the capabilities of different modes and settings. Novelty: control parameters affecting the transmission range of ultra-wideband signals without sacrificing bit rate are systematized. Result: the identified relationships between module settings and key parameters of ultra-wideband real-time positioning systems will improve the operational characteristics of the implemented systems. Practical significance: the presented research can be used to support classes on the study of scenarios for the construction and operation of ultra-wideband real-time positioning systems, the selection of the best transmission modes, spectral structures of signals, settings, and component base for various tasks during system design and maintenance.

Keywords
ultra-short pulses, ultra-wideband communication, local real-time positioning system.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2025-13-3-48-69
EDN YGYFAW