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Abstract: There are many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN). In most such applications the sensor nodes have limited and non-renewable energy resources, for example, in conditions where WSN operate in remote and/or hard-to-reach areas. Planning of the WSN faces many problems, the most important of which is energy saving. Research subject. Clustering is a recognized method of reducing power consumption for the WSN. In this paper, we propose a multilevel hierarchical clustering (MLHC) protocol, which is a new routing protocol that can reduce power consumption both in homogeneous and heterogeneous WSN. Method. The full clustering round for the MLHC-m protocol includes several levels. After clustering is completed at the first level, the cluster head nodes form a higher level of clustering. This process is repeated m times until the clustering level is reached. Cluster head nodes of the last cluster level can directly communicate with the base station. Core results. Simulation has shown that the use of the MLHC protocol increases the lifespan of the wireless sensor network compared to other existing protocols. Also, the MLHC protocol increases the duration of the stability period (the length of time from the beginning of the network to the death of the first sensor node).

Keywords: Wireless sensor networks, hierarchy clustering, stability period, network lifespan, LEACH protocol.

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Abstract: Research subject. The article is devoted to the review of approaches to testing of data transmission technologies for the Internet of Things. Method. As a research method, an overview is given of the current technologies used by the Internet for Things to transfer data, and their key indicators affecting the operability and operation of the network. The paper proposes a series of tests to evaluate the functioning of data transmission technologies used by the Internet, by removing certain network parameters, such as the bit error rate, packet error rate, connection speed, signal strength level, etc. Core results. During the testing offered within the framework of the article, it is possible to assess the level of functioning of the network operating on some technologies of Internet data transmission of things, and to conclude on the quality of the provided services. Practical relevance. The proposed tests can be used to evaluate the functioning of the network and provide the necessary quality of the network infrastructure for the Internet Things that as a result can not only improve the quality of services provided, but also make a positive impression of the concept of the Internet Things on the end user.

Keywords: Internet Thing, IoT, Ethernet, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, Z Wave, Bluetooth, CoAP, 6LoWPAN, PER, BER.

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Abstract: The question of the correct channel planning, i.e. the channel frequency and type choice, typically rises in the high density Wi-Fi LANs design process. This work includes the analysis of recommendations regarding this topic and key parameters of predictive models. Thus the main approaches for channel planning have been generalized. Research subject. The present work is devoted to the frequency and distance planning of the high density Wi-Fi networks with attention to client capacity of WLANs. Method. The ground for this work is: Wi-Fi solution vendors design guides, recommendations of the experts, some scientific works and own more than 5-year design practice. Core results. The analysis of the frequency planning, channel type choice and possible solutions for high density WLANs has been carried out. Practical relevance. The analysis gives practical recommendations for high density WLANs predictive modelling.

Keywords: IEEE 802.11, frequency planning, distance planning, high density, WLAN, Wi-Fi.

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Abstract: The high density wireless networks planning is closely connected to the IT infrastructure design as well as access point and wireless LAN controllers functionality choice in order to meet the solution requirements. Research subject. The present work is devoted to special features analysis of the high density Wi-Fi networks with attention to the implementation process of the WLAN. Method. The ground for this work is: Wi-Fi solution vendors design guides, recommendations of the experts, some scientific works and own more than 5-year design practice. Core results. The key special features of the IT infrastructure has been analyzed as well as several options provided by the solution vendors in order to plan, implement and support different high density WLANs. Practical relevance. The analysis gives practical recommendations for high density WLANs implementation.

Keywords: IEEE 802.11, requirements, functionality, high density, WLAN, Wi-Fi.

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Abstract: Research subject. This article describes a method of detecting a GSM device in result of emergency situation. Method. As a method of application, systems located on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) were proposed that scan the GSM signal during flight and send received information to a ground base station. Core results. The time of flight of the emergency zone was determined with using three UAVs. Practical relevance. The proposed method can be used to determine the location of victims in the result of emergency situations.

Keywords: Flying Networks, UAV, GSM, Emergency Situations.

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Abstract: Development of nanonetworks is caused by ample opportunities of their application. The nanodevices integrated in system are a transport artery of nanonetworks. Due to the extremely small sizes of nanosensors, which are limited by their performance and volumes, there is an urgent need to develop and use an energy efficient readdressing scheme. To solve these problems, have been proposed methods for readdressing data information in an electromagnetic nanonetwork. Research subject. The article provides an overview of the current methods of delivering data to the destination. Method. Collecting, analysis and generalization of scientific achievements in the field of electromagnetic nanonetworks for the last few years. Core results. The main methods of readdressing are considered, the analysis of their advantages and disadvantages is carried out, conclusions about the most successful scheme are made. Practical relevance. The received results give an opportunity to evaluate and choose the most suitable method of readdressing depending on the network requirements.

Keywords: Internet of NanoThings, dynamic channel, nanonetwork, data transmission, routing, scheme of readdressing.

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Abstract: Scientific research in the field of 5G networks is a priority and in demand in the world, as they are aimed at preparing for the next step in the development of mobile communication networks. One of the features of the modern concept of building 5G networks is the use of D2D technologies, which in some cases significantly affect the stability and quality of providing communication services. Subject of study. The article is devoted to the investigation of potential possibilities of using technologies for establishing direct communications between subscriber terminals (device-device D2D). The authors explore the potential of data delivery between subscriber terminals and their dependence on the parameters of the communication network (user density, terminal communication radius). Method. The authors propose a network model based on a random graph model in which the probability of connectivity is estimated. This parameter characterizes the potential possibility of delivering data between terminals. To estimate the connectivity probability, the authors apply the Erdős–Rényi theorem. Core results. The dependencies of the connectivity probability on the density of subscriber terminals and the communication zone of the terminal are obtained. Practical relevance. The results of this work show the potential application of D2D technologies, as well as assess the effect of reducing traffic to the base stations of the communication network when using it.

Keywords: 5G – fifth generation, D2D – the device to device, accessibility Increase, Lowering of traffic, network connectivity.

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Abstract: Increasing every year the importance of UAVs in the modern world contributes to the ongoing work on their improvement. New tasks, improvement of tactical and technical characteristics of the UAVs, including reducing their size, complicates the task of their detection. In this connection, the detection of micro air vehicle (MAV) is a priority in the creation of systems to counter UAVs. Research subject. The article is devoted to one of the options to improve the effi-ciency of the task of detecting MAV. Method. The physical features of the MAV, the presence of which complicates or facilitates the task of their detection, and the ways to do this. Core results. The analysis of the existing classifications of MAV, methods of their detection on the basis of the analysis of electromagnetic spectrum is carried out and the model of complex application of technical means for performance of the task is shown. Practical relevance. The presented model of complex application of measures sig-nificantly improves the efficiency of the task of detecting MAV.

Keywords: MAV, UAV detection, radar, radio monitoring, telltale signs, the electromagnetic spectrum, the model application.

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Abstract: State-of-the-art means for decision-making intelligent support at dispatching the geospatial processes of the sea transport that implement digital cartographic data sets do not allow an operational and adequate enough account of the natural environment changing properties affecting the dispatching decisions made at a control of complexly distributed totalities of geospatial processes. At that the dispatching is the final manifestation of a multidimensional control process of geospatial processes on the sea surface. Research subject. Conventionally, a control problem of the sea transport objects' that realize geospatial processes is being solved in isolation from the accounting for a current state of the marine environment and for the variability of its hydrological, hydrophysical and other characteristics. As a rule, only issues of changing the hydrographic and hydrometeorological conditions are subjected to consideration as they concern the maritime safety and navigation specifics. Now the more complex version of the spatial processes dispatching problem is of great interest, when the environment variability defines the unique dispatching conditions in each point of the coordinated geographic space. Method. Such problem's statement is especially actual under the circumstances of implementing the up-to-date adaptive monitoring and natural environment probing means, like subsystems for surveillance of the matching spatial sea processes dispatching systems. Core results. The above statement novelty as well as an approach to this version of the problem solving is in a fusion of data pertinent to the spatial processes representation area and data matching the typical models of digital data sets, integration of software mechanisms used to arrange for a proper work with information about geospatial processes and programs of dealing with cartographic data sets. Practical relevance. Development of a reasonable formulation and method for solving the given version of a problem forms the essence of this paper.

Keywords: Geographic information systems, GIS – technologies for historic research; geochronological track and tracking; graphs' isomorphism; statistical hypotheses testing; GIS based interdisciplinary research.

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Abstract: Necessity to create a digital space is defined by the concept of introducing a digital economic in the Russian Federation. It represents a new direction of development, optimization and strengthening of business, economic and social spheres in general. Creation of a digital space of local objects of owners promotes the decision of problems on actualization and reliability of the technical documentation, availability and operative reception of the necessary technical information. Research subject. The article is devoted to the real digital archive of the transformer substation of electrical energy, on which this digital archive are used. Method. The functions and functionality of the digital archive are described. Core results. The multidimensional model of the transformer substation 110/20 kV was created. Practical relevance. The presented multidimensional model of the digital archive is used to obtain the actual documentation, uses for fast navigation on the site, reduces the time for performing current works on the substation.

Keywords: Digital object archive, multidimensional model, 3D model, electronic archive, technological process, digital economic.