Telecommunication systems, networks and devices
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TRAFFIC OFFLOADING MODEL IN A MULTI-LEVEL EDGE COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
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A. M. Al-Sveiti Malik, V. Kovalenko, A. Muthanna
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Abstract: Research subject is autonomous control networks for unmanned vehicles. Research method – study of the main functional elements and their locations for MEC, Fog technologies; studying the types of interaction between devices in vehicle networks; identification of the main problems arising in vehicle networks. Main results – MEC, V2X technologies are described in detail; considered a system that will be implemented using edge computing, and will also support ultra-low latency and high density for unmanned vehicles; a model was created for the VANET environment, demonstrating signal processing at two levels of edge computing. Practical significance – The presented architecture will reduce the load on the core network and ensure the provision of ultra-low transmission delays, which can also contribute to the introduction of unmanned vehicle networks into mass use in the future. The proposed architecture can be used as part of the «Smart City» concept. It is also worth noting that a multi-level system, due to its closer location to the user, will be more effective in forming a Fog cluster than with a standard network architecture, when a remote server will be used to form a cluster.
Keywords: self-driving cars, Edge Computing, V2X.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-1-8
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ANALYSIS OF THE CALL DELAY TIME IN A PCS SWITCH USING OPENFLOW TECHNOLOGY
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M. Buranova, V. Kartashevskiy
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Abstract: Analysis of the parameters of the functioning of software-defined networks is very relevant. There are many approaches using the methods of queuing theory to evaluate the processing quality parameters in the G/G/1 system. At this stage of development of infocommunication networks, it is required to develop analytical models that allow assessing the parameters of the quality of service for traffic in software-defined networks. In the paper, analytical expressions are obtained that allow estimating the average waiting time for a request in the SDN switch using the mathematical apparatus of the queuing theory based on the analysis of the drive. In this case, random time intervals between incoming requests have a hyperexponential distribution. A queuing system of the H2/G/1/∞ type was used as a model. A mixture of exponential distributions makes it possible to take into account the fractal properties of the sequence of random time intervals between incoming requests, the "heavy tail" of the initial simulated distribution, and the correlation properties of the considered time intervals. The paper compares the results of calculating the waiting time of a claim in the storage for the H2/G/1/∞ system with the result for the G/G/1/∞ system, which is approximated by a queue model of the P/W/1/∞ type, where the average waiting time is estimated applications in the queue were carried out on the basis of solving the Lindley equation by the spectral method. It is shown that the obtained results are consistent.
Keywords: software-defined network, quality of service, hyperexponential distribution, average time of a request in the system.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-9-20
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TRAFFIC OFFLOADING MODEL IN A MULTI-LEVEL EDGE COMPUTING SYSTEM FOR AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
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S. Vladimirov, A. Gutovskiy, A. Fomin
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Abstract: Research subject. The paper presents the results of comparing three byte error-correcting codes according to their probabilistic characteristics in a system with network coding. Method. Simulation modeling has been carried out to determine the probabilistic characteristics of byte error-correcting codes for a transmission system with network coding. The principles of coding and decoding of the studied codes are considered. Core results. The probabilistic characteristics of byte error-correcting codes are determined and presented, and recommendations are developed for their use in a transmission system with network coding, depending on its purpose. Practical relevance. The application of the considered error-correcting codes for the construction of transmission systems with network coding is proposed. The applicability of these codes in the development of applied byte protocols that require the use of forward error correction mechanisms in communication channels is noted.
Keywords: Hamming code with additional parity check, extended Golay code, shortened Reed–Solomon code, network coding.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-21-33
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ROUTE SELECTION METHOD IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS
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A. Paramonov, S. Bushelenkov
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Abstract: The article analyzes the route selection problem in a high-density Internet of Things network, proposes a route model that describes the equivalent data transfer rate, taking into account mutual influences between network nodes. Subject of study. The subject of the study is the wireless networks of the Internet of things. Method. The study uses analytical methods for estimating the data transfer rate, taking into account the mutual influences of network nodes, as well as the simulation method. The paper shows that the choice of the optimal number of transit nodes can be made at which the maximum data transfer rate is achieved. Main results. The results of the work are a route model in a high-density internet-of-things network and a method for constructing a route that makes it possible to achieve data transfer rates close to the maximum. Practical significance. The practical significance of the results obtained lies in the proposal of a method for choosing a route in a high-density Internet of Things network.
Keywords: Internet of Things, route, data transfer rate, optimal route length, transit node.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-34–44 |
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FEATURES OF 5G MOBILE NETWORK INTEGRATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE SD-CORE AND SD-FABRIC PROJECT
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S. Turaev, V. Elagin
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Abstract: Mobile networks move at a relentless pace, and they are built around two standards: 4G and 5G. Indeed, 5G is a new stage in the development of mobile technologies, which will provide better speed and coverage than the current 4G. 5G operates on a 5GHz signal and is tuned to speeds up to 1Gbps for dozens of users. In addition, 5G uses a new frequency band, along with other new technologies that use much higher radio frequencies (28 GHz compared to 4G's 2.5 GHz) to transfer more data at higher speeds, with reduced downloads and less delay. This new mmWave interface allows more devices to be used within the same cluster; 4G can support about 4,000 devices per km2, while 5G will support about a million. This means that more streaming data from various video services, voice calls and other services will be transmitted on mobile networks. The fifth generation mobile communication standard (5G) is a new stage in the development of technologies, which is designed to expand the possibilities of Internet access through radio access networks.
Keywords: 4G/5G private networks, 5G mobile core, SD-Core, SD-Fabric, API, 5G-Edge-Cloud-as-aService.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-1-45-56
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