Научный журнал «ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИИ»
Сообщение
2022, Vol. 10, Iss. 3 |
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3 DIMENSION MULTILAYER HETEROGENOUS ULTRA DENSE NETWORKS
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A. Koucheryavy, A. Paramonov, A. Makolkina, A. S. A. Muthanna, A. Vybornova, R. Dunaytsev, M. Zaharov, L. Gorbacheva, D. T. Tran, A. Marochkina
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Abstract: The development of communication networks poses new challenges in the field of scientific research. At the same time, one of the main directions of development is the creation of high-density and ultra-dense networks. Ultra-dense networks already belong to the technologies of communication networks of the sixth generation and the requirements for them are formed in the conditions of their deployment in three-dimensional space. Starting with the construction of fifth generation communication networks, communication networks are considered as heterogeneous, in which various technologies can be used together in the process of providing network services, for example, the Internet of Things, unmanned aerial vehicles, vehicular ad hoc networks, etc. This leads to the need to define and study three-dimensional multi-layer heterogeneous ultra-dense networks, which is the subject of this article.
Keywords: 6G networks, 3D networks, ultra high-density networks, unmanned aerial vehicle networks, vehicular ad hoc networks, model network, connectivity.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-1-12 |
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MODELS OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS FOR TRAFFIC (ROBOTS-MANIPULATORS)
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L. Gorbacheva, A. Paramonov
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Abstract: This article discusses the remote operation of robots under the control of an operator using feedback. When transferring data over the network, the quality of tasks can be degraded due to delays and packet loss. Which leads to incorrect operation of the robot and its mechanisms. To solve these problems, it is necessary to control Quality of Service and Quality of Experience. First, the following problems were considered: the relationship between Quality of Service and Quality of Experience, the differences between a person and a robot, the presence of the Quality of Experience of the robot. Further, the parameters for evaluating the quality of service for robots are defined, and what key performance indicators are needed for the quality of service model for robots. The requirements for the quality of service for traffic de-pending on the class of industrial robots are presented. In conclusion, an assessment of the requirements for indicators for the transmission of commands from the user to the manipulator with feedback was considered.
Keywords: quality of service, quality of experience, quality of action, robotic manipulators, key performance indicators, delay, telepresence services. DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-13-19
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RESEARCH OF NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLOGRAPHIC TRAFFIC
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B. Pankov, M. Makolkina
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Abstract: One of the most important tasks of the current decade is the mass introduction of telepresence services, including the use of holographic copies of a person, robotic avatars, manipulator devices, as well as the implementation and deployment of their joint associations into groups and communities. Of course, this will not happen all at once, and therefore it is necessary now to start forming an idea of the possibilities for implementing these services, as well as to identify the requirements for the future parameters of data transmission networks. The relevance of the research topic is due to the rapid development of holographic communication technologies and the resulting need to obtain an idea of the required network characteristics of lines, the performance of control, routing, switching and user devices for the widespread implementation of these services. At the first stage of the study, theoretical and experimental works were studied that determine the network parameters to provide the required level of service (QoS). At the second stage, a comparative analysis of network parameters and QoS for real-time voice and video stream transmission was carried out. At the third stage, the expected network parameters and traffic characteristics of holographic network applications are indicated. The next necessary step is the development of a traffic transmission model for holographic copies to experimentally verify the compliance of the proposed parameters.
Keywords: telepresence, transmission of three-dimensional images, augmented reality, communication networks 2030, 6G, holography, robot avatars, RGB-D, 3D, HTC. DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-20-31
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DEPLOYMENT OF ULTRA DENSE NETWORK DEVICES IN SPACE. PART 1. MODELS AND METHODS OF GEOMETRIC FACTOR
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G. Fokin, A. Kucheryavy
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Abstract: The use of the millimeter band (30 GHz–300 GHz) in fifth generation networks and the submillimeter or terahertz band (0.3–3 THz) in sixth generation networks, due to the physical characteristics of radio wave propagation, inevitably leads to a reduction in the radio communication range and the use of predominantly line-of-sight radio links. From the point of view of the network architecture, this circumstance entails an increase in the density of the spatial arrangement of devices, which, in turn, leads to the emergence of new tasks for the network organization at the physical, channel and network levels of the open systems inter-action model. One of the approaches to the spatial arrangement of the infrastructure of stationary network devices acting as a base station, access point and / or repeater / router can be the geometric factor of DOP (Dilution of Precision) in positioning accuracy known in classical radar and radio navigation. To date, from the analysis of open foreign sources, it can be argued that this approach has already become widespread in the tasks of finding and justifying the locations of base stations of fifth generation communication networks. This is due to the new role of positioning not only as a service of communication net-works, but also as an auxiliary means of solving the problems of net-work organization at the three lower levels of the data transmission medium. In connection with the ongoing convergence of infocommunication and positioning services provided by the infrastructure of communication networks of the fifth and subsequent generations, there is every reason to believe that the approach of placing network devices based on DOP deserves attention and can be used for communication networks of the sixth-generation of terahertz band, where the density of transceivers will already exceed 1 device per square meter. Subject of study. The article is devoted to mathematical and simulation modeling of methods for searching for locations of base station devices in space according to the criterion of the geometric factor of the dilution of precision for positioning accuracy of the user device. Method. Calculation of geometric factors for the dilution of precision of positioning accuracy in the horizontal plane HDOP (Horizontal DOP), in the vertical plane VDOP (Vertical DOP) and by location in space PDOP (Position DOP). Main results. The result of this work is the formalization of algorithmic, methodological and software for DOP calculations and search for locations of base station devices in space based on geometric factors of the DOP for the positioning accuracy of user devices. Practical significance. The results obtained make it possible to search for the locations of the base stations of an ultra-dense network in space under the condition of a fixed location of the user device, as well as to perform a quantitative and qualitative assessment of the obtained placements according to the DOP criteria.
Keywords: ultra-dense network, device placement in space, geometric dilution of precision accuracy factor, HDOP, VDOP, PDOP.
DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-32-59
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PROBLEM STATEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPING A NEW TRAINING COURSE «5G SMART ANTENNAS TECHNOLOGIES»
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G. Fokin
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Abstract: Interest in smart antenna technologies is due to the development of ultra-dense networks of the fifth 5G and subsequent B5G (Beyond 5G) generations of the millimeter-wave band (MMW, millimeter-wave – mmWave), which is confirmed by the high publication activity of recent years both in the native, and in foreign scientific community. Together with scientific publications in foreign literature, textbooks in this area are published and republished. At the same time, in the native scientific and methodological literature, there is currently no textbook that reveals new approaches to studying the issues of adaptive beamforming using smart antennas in relation to ultra-dense 5G and B5G networks. In this paper, an analysis of the state of the problem in the field of intelligent antennas is carried out and a task is formulated for the development of an appropriate training course. Subject of study. The article is devoted to a contemporary review of the state of the problem in the field of smart antennas based on the analysis of Russian sources. Method. Analysis of the evolution of the development of methods and means of smart antenna technologies. Main results. The result of this work is the setting of the task for the development of a new training course "Technologies of smart antennas 5G". Practical significance. The analysis carried out serves as a rationale for the relevance and necessity of developing a new training course "Technologies of smart antennas 5G".
Keywords: 5G, antenna arrays, beamforming, smart antennas. DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-60-73
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METHOD FOR 3D IMAGES TRANSFORMATION AND STREAMING OVER LOW BANDWIDTH COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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D. Svechnikov, A. Vybornova
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Abstract: The article describes an approach to streaming 3D human images over communication networks allowing to significantly reduce network bandwidth requirements by transmitting not the image itself, but data on the movement of control points. The subject of the study is 3D moving images of a person data on the movement of their control points. The main results of the work: a system of three applications that allows to record data about object movements, convert it into coordinates of key points, transfer it over communication networks and play it in the form of movements of a 3D object in an augmented reality application. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using the developed applications for streaming moving 3D objects over low bandwidth networks. The application can be used in remote education or other areas.
Keywords: augmented reality, 3D images, video streaming, Kinect, Unity, Android, ARCore, KCP. DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2022-10-3-74-81
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