Сообщение

Experimental Validation of Angle-of-Arrival Estimation Algorithms on the KrakenSDR Software-Defined Radio Platform

 
 orcid Grigoriy Fokin, orcid Nikita Sheremet

The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications,
St. Petersburg, 193232, Russian Federation

DOI 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-37-52

EDN GBDOLZ

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Abstract

Purpose. Modern and advanced wireless communication systems impose high requirements on the accuracy of device positioning, which makes the task of angle-of-arrival estimation relevant. The aim of the work is experimental approbation of angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms on the affordable software-defined radio platform KrakenSDR in a real urban environment. Methods. The paper considers five algorithms: the classical Bartlett spectral algorithm, super-resolution algorithms MVDR and MEM, as well as subspace algorithms MUSIC and Root-MUSIC. The experiment was conducted for two antenna array configurations (circular and linear) with subsequent post-processing in MATLAB. Elements of novelty include comprehensive experimental comparison of five angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms of different nature on a single low-cost SDR platform, as well as evaluation of the influence of antenna array configuration and processing mode (real-time and post-processing) on the direction-finding accuracy in urban conditions. Results. It was found that the MUSIC algorithm provides the most stable results, and the linear antenna array demonstrates lower error and scatter of estimates compared to the circular one. Post-processing of recorded data allows reducing direction-finding errors for most algorithms. For the circular array under favorable conditions, the mean absolute bias was 2.8–6.0°, and the standard deviation was 0.0–3.5°. Practical relevance. The presented results confirm the applicability of the KrakenSDR platform as an affordable experimental testbed for research on angle-of-arrival estimation algorithms. The obtained data can be used in the development of positioning systems, radio monitoring, and electronic intelligence based on low-cost SDR solutions.

Keywords

SDR, KrakenSDR, Bartlett algorithm, MVDR, MEM, MUSIC, Root-MUSIC, antenna array

Reference for citation

Fokin G., Sheremet N. Experimental Validation of Angle-of-Arrival Estimation Algorithms on the KrakenSDR Software-Defined Radio Platform // Telecom IT. 2026. Vol. 14. Iss. 2. PP. 37–52. (in Russian). DOI: 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-2-37-52. EDN: GBDOLZ
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