ITT Информационные технологии и телекоммуникации Telecom IT 2307-1303 СПбГУТ 10.31854/2307-1303-2026-14-1-68-85 MQPIJB Научная статья Research Article Применение управляемых мультиплексоров ввода / вывода ROADM в DWDM-сетях Application of Reconfigurable Optical Add / Drop Multiplexers in DWDM Networks Былина Мария Сергеевна Bylina Maria 0000-0001-9818-4060 Bylina.Maria@sut.ru Шевцова Александра Андреевна Shevtsova Alexandra 0009-0007-9389-6473 shevtsova.aa@sut.ru Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М. А. Бонч-Бруевича Санкт-Петербург, 193232 Российская Федерация The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications St. Petersburg, 193232 Russian Federation 2026 06 07 2026 14 1 68 85 © Былина М. С., Шевцова А. А., 2026 Лицензия CC BY 4.0 CC BY 4.0 License

Актуальность. Современные оптические транспортные сети OTN-DWDM имеют сложные топологии, в которых между любыми двумя узлами существует более одного маршрута. Для гибкого управления сетью и обеспечения ее надежной и бесперебойной работы необходима динамическая оптическая маршрутизация спектральных каналов. Маршруты спектральных каналов в сети OTN-DWDM создаются с помощью оптических мультиплексоров ввода / вывода (OADM). Пассивные OADM на основе оптических фильтров не позволяют изменить маршрут без физической замены оборудования, поэтому в современных сетях применяются реконфигурируемые OADM (ROADM), позволяющие динамически перестраивать маршруты каналов. Цель работы ‒ качественная оценка эффективности и целесообразности применения ROADM в сетях OTN-DWDM на основе сравнительного анализа их структурных схем и архитектур. Результаты: рассмотрены принципы работы и структурные схемы ROADM и их основных компонентов -- спектрально-селективных переключателей (WSS) для сетей DWDM с использованием фиксированных и гибких сеток спектральных каналов, проведен сравнительный анализ архитектур ROADM (Colored, Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless, Broadcast-and-Select, Route-and-Select), даны рекомендации по выбору архитектуры ROADM для транспортной сети OTN-DWDM. Практическая значимость: предлагаемые рекомендации по выбору архитектуры ROADM могут быть использованы при проектировании и модернизации сетей OTN-DWDM для снижения эксплуатационных затрат и повышения устойчивости сети.

Background. Modern OTN-DWDM optical transport networks have complex topologies, with more than one route between any two network nodes. Dynamic optical routing of spectral channels is required for flexible network management and to ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation. Spectral channel routes in OTN-DWDM networks are created using optical add / drop multiplexers (OADMs). Passive OADMs, based on optical filters, do not allow route changes without physical equipment replacement. Therefore, reconfigurable OADMs (ROADMs) are used in modern networks, enabling dynamic channel rerouting. Purpose. To qualitatively assess the effectiveness and feasibility of using ROADMs in OTN-DWDM networks based on a comparative analysis of their structural diagrams and architectures. Results. The operating principles and structural diagrams of ROADMs and their main components--wavelength-selective switches (WSS)--for DWDM networks using fixed and flexible spectral channel grids are examined. A comparative analysis of ROADM architectures (Colored, Colorless, Directionless, Contentionless, Broadcast-and-Select, Route-and-Select) is conducted. Recommendations for selecting a ROADM architecture for an OTN-DWDM transport network are provided. Practical relevance. The proposed recommendations for selecting a ROADM architecture can be used in the design and modernization of OTN-DWDM networks to reduce operating costs and improve network resilience.

 технология спектрального уплотнения DWDM оптическая транспортная сеть OTN управляемый оптический мультиплексор ввода / вывода ROADM спектрально-селективный переключатель WSS Colorless & Directionless & Contentionless ROADM архитектура Broadcast-and-Select архитектура Route-and-Select dense wavelength division multiplexing DWDM optical transport network OTN reconfigurable optical add / drop multiplexer ROADM wavelength-selective switch WSS Colorless & Directionless & Contentionless ROADM broadcast-and-select architecture Route-and-Select architecture Исследование выполнено без привлечения внешних источников финансирования. The study was carried out without external funding. Введение Литература 1. Трещиков В. Н., Листвин В. Н. DWDM-системы. М.: Техносфера, 2024. 476 с. 1. Trechikov V. N., Listin V. N. DWDM-Systems. Moscow: Technosphere Publ., 2024. 476 pp. (in Russian) 2. Springer Handbook of Optical Networks / Ed. by B. Mukherjee, I. Tomkos, M. Tornatore, P. J. Winzer, Y. Zhao. Cham: Springer, 2020. 1182 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16250-4. 2. Springer Handbook of Optical Networks / Ed. by B. Mukherjee, I. Tomkos, M. Tornatore, P. J. Winzer, Y. Zhao. Cham: Springer, 2020. 1182 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16250-4. 3. Kartalopoulos S. V. DWDM: Networks, Devices, and Technology. Hoboken: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2002. 487 p. DOI: 10.1109/9780470544440. 3. Kartalopoulos S. V. DWDM: Networks, Devices, and Technology. Hoboken: Wiley-IEEE Press, 2002. 487 p. DOI: 10.1109/9780470544440. 4. Chen Y.-K., Chang C. H., Yang Y. L., Kuo I. Y., Liang T. C. Mach--Zehnder Fiber-Grating-Based Fixed and Reconfigurable Multichannel Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers for DWDM Networks // Optics Communications. 1999. Vol. 169. Iss. 1--6. PP. 245--262. DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00408-3. EDN: ADXUMB 4. Chen Y.-K., Chang C. H., Yang Y. L., Kuo I. Y., Liang T. C. Mach--Zehnder Fiber-Grating-Based Fixed and Reconfigurable Multichannel Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers for DWDM Networks // Optics Communications. 1999. Vol. 169. Iss. 1--6. PP. 245--262. DOI: 10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00408-3. EDN: ADXUMB 5. Былина М. С., Глаголев С. Ф., Гоменица В. А., Фраз А. В., Цветков Д. А. и др. Принципы построения современных мультиплексоров ввода / вывода ROADM // Сборник научных статей XIII Международной научно-технической и научно-методической конференции «Актуальные проблемы инфотелекоммуникаций в науке и образовании (АПИНО 2024)» (27--28 февраля 2024 г., Санкт-Петербург): в 4 т. / под. ред. С. А. Брусиловского. Т. 1. СПб.: СПбГУТ, 2024. С. 146--151. EDN: HLBNRG 5. Bylina M., Glagolev S., Gomenitsa V., Fraz A., Tsvetkov D., et al. Principles of Construction of Modern Input / Output Multiplexers ROADM // Proceedings of the XIII of the International Scientific, Technical and Methodical Conference "International Conference on Advanced Infotelecommunications" (ICAIT, 27--28 February 2024, St. Petersburg, Russia) / Ed. by S. Brusilovsky. Vol. 1. St. Petersburg: SPbSUT, 2024. PP. 146--151. (in Russian) EDN: HLBNRG 6. Tachikawa Y., Inoue Y., Ishii M., Nozawa T. Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Multiplexer with Loop-Back Optical Paths and Its Applications // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1996. Vol. 14. Iss. 6. PP. 977--984. DOI: 10.1109/50.511597 6. Tachikawa Y., Inoue Y., Ishii M., Nozawa T. Arrayed-Waveguide Grating Multiplexer with Loop-Back Optical Paths and Its Applications // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 1996. Vol. 14. Iss. 6. PP. 977--984. DOI: 10.1109/50.511597 7. Brückner V. Elements of Optical Networking: Basics and Practice of Glass Fiber Optical Data Communication. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg, 2024. 251 p. 7. Brückner V. Elements of Optical Networking: Basics and Practice of Glass Fiber Optical Data Communication. Wiesbaden: Springer Vieweg, 2024. 251 p. 8. Dlamini P. P., Isoe G. M., Grattan K. T. V., Rahman A. B. M., Leitch A. W. R., et al. Fibre Bragg Grating Based All Optical OADM for Flexible Spectrum Channel Reservation to Minimize Optical Crosstalk in WDM Optical Communication Networks // Proceedings of Southern African Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa, 1--4 September 2019). Kwa-Zulu Natal, 2019. PP. 138--143. 8. Dlamini P. P., Isoe G. M., Grattan K. T. V., Rahman A. B. M., Leitch A. W. R., et al. Fibre Bragg Grating Based All Optical OADM for Flexible Spectrum Channel Reservation to Minimize Optical Crosstalk in WDM Optical Communication Networks // Proceedings of Southern African Telecommunication Networks and Applications Conference (SATNAC, 1--4 September 2019, Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa). Kwa-Zulu Natal, 2019. PP. 138--143. 9. Ma Y., Stewart L., Armstrong J., Clarke I. G., Baxter G. Recent Progress of Wavelength Selective Switch // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2021. Vol. 39. Iss. 4. PP. 896--903. DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2020.3022375. EDN: IQHYYS 9. Ma Y., Stewart L., Armstrong J., Clarke I. G., Baxter G. Recent Progress of Wavelength Selective Switch // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2021. Vol. 39. Iss. 4. PP. 896--903. DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2020.3022375. EDN: IQHYYS 10. Thakulsukanant K. MEMS Technology for Optical Switching // Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 2013. Vol. 10. Iss. 1. PP. 9--18. DOI: 10.2004/wjst.v10i1.390 10. Thakulsukanant K. MEMS Technology for Optical Switching // Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 2013. Vol. 10. Iss. 1. PP. 9--18. DOI: 10.2004/wjst.v10i1.390 11. Liu A.-Q. Photonic MEMS Devices: Design, Fabrication and Control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009. 483 p. 11. Liu A.-Q. Photonic MEMS Devices: Design, Fabrication and Control. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009. 483 p. 12. Frisken S., Baxter G., Abakoumov D., Zhou H., Clarke I., et al. Flexible and Grid-less Wavelength Selective Switch using LCOS Technology // Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OSA, 6--10 March 2011, Los Angeles, USA). 2011. DOI: 10.1364/OFC.2011.OTuM3 12. Frisken S., Baxter G., Abakoumov D., Zhou H., Clarke I., et al. Flexible and Grid-less Wavelength Selective Switch using LCOS Technology // Optical Fiber Communication Conference (OSA, 6--10 March 2011, Los Angeles, USA). 2011. DOI: 10.1364/OFC.2011.OTuM3 13. Optical Fiber Telecommunications. Vol. VIA. Components and Subsystems / Ed. by I. Kaminow, T. Li, A. E. Willner. Amsterdam: Academic Press: Elsevier, 2013. 794 p. 13. Optical Fiber Telecommunications. Vol. VIA. Components and Subsystems / Ed. by I. Kaminow, T. Li, A. E. Willner. Amsterdam: Academic Press: Elsevier, 2013. 794 p. 14. Wang M., Zong L., Mao L., Marquez A., Ye Y., et al. LCoS SLM Study and Its Application in Wavelength Selective Switch // Photonics. 2017. Vol. 4. Iss. 2. Art. 22. DOI: 10.3390/photonics4020022 14. Wang M., Zong L., Mao L., Marquez A., Ye Y., et al. LCoS SLM Study and Its Application in Wavelength Selective Switch // Photonics. 2017. Vol. 4. Iss. 2. Art. 22. DOI: 10.3390/photonics4020022 15. Ji H., Shan Y., Mo Y. Chen Zh., Ma D. Optical Design of an LCoS-Based 1 × 10 WSS with High Coupling Efficiency and Compact Light Paths // Photonics. 2023. Vol. 10. Iss. 10. P. 1107. DOI: 10.3390/photonics10101107. EDN: CZEWMA 15. Ji H., Shan Y., Mo Y. Chen Zh., Ma D. Optical Design of an LCoS-Based 1 × 10 WSS with High Coupling Efficiency and Compact Light Paths // Photonics. 2023. Vol. 10. Iss. 10. P. 1107. DOI: 10.3390/photonics10101107. EDN: CZEWMA 16. Handbook of Radio and Optical Networks Convergence / Ed. by T. Kawanishi. Singapore: Springer, 2024. 1723 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-2282-2 16. Handbook of Radio and Optical Networks Convergence / Ed. by T. Kawanishi. Singapore: Springer, 2024. 1723 p. DOI: 10.1007/978-981-97-2282-2 17. Way W. I., Ji P. N., Patel A. N. Wavelength Contention-Free via Optical Bypass within a Colorless and Directionless ROADM [Invited] // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2013. Vol. 5. Iss. 10. PP. A220--A229. DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.5.00A220 17. Way W. I., Ji P. N., Patel A. N. Wavelength Contention-Free via Optical Bypass within a Colorless and Directionless ROADM [Invited] // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2013. Vol. 5. Iss. 10. PP. A220--A229. DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.5.00A220 18. Sakamaki Y., Kawai T., Fukutoku M. Next-generation Optical Switch Technologies for Realizing ROADM with More Flexible Functions // NTT Technical Review. 2014. Vol. 12. Iss. 1. PP. 37--41. DOI: 10.53829/ntr201401fa6 18. Sakamaki Y., Kawai T., Fukutoku M. Next-generation Optical Switch Technologies for Realizing ROADM with More Flexible Functions // NTT Technical Review. 2014. Vol. 12. Iss. 1. PP. 37--41. DOI: 10.53829/ntr201401fa6 19. Jinno M., Sasaki R., Izumi T., Kitada M., Miyamura T., et al. Minimal-Hardware Colorless-Directionless ROADM Based on a Single Multi-Input-Port-WSS with Joint Switching // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2026. Vol. 18. Iss. 3. PP. 195--205. DOI: 10.1364/jocn.580878. EDN: ELFAEM 19. Jinno M., Sasaki R., Izumi T., Kitada M., Miyamura T., et al. Minimal-Hardware Colorless-Directionless ROADM Based on a Single Multi-Input-Port-WSS with Joint Switching // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2026. Vol. 18. Iss. 3. PP. 195--205. DOI: 10.1364/jocn.580878. EDN: ELFAEM 20. Skorin-Kapov N., Pavón-Mariño P., Quagliotti M., Riccardi E., Napoli A., et al. A Broadcast-and-Select ROADM Architecture to Support Linear Hub-Ended Trees Using Point-to-Multipoint Coherent Transceivers [Invited] // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2025. Vol. 17. Iss. 7. PP. C1--C10. DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.550101. EDN: OEJPKY 20. Skorin-Kapov N., Pavón-Mariño P., Quagliotti M., Riccardi E., Napoli A., et al. A Broadcast-and-Select ROADM Architecture to Support Linear Hub-Ended Trees Using Point-to-Multipoint Coherent Transceivers [Invited] // Journal of Optical Communications and Networking. 2025. Vol. 17. Iss. 7. PP. C1--C10. DOI: 10.1364/JOCN.550101. EDN: OEJPKY 21. Yang R., Liu L., Yan S., Simeonidou D. A Programmable ROADM System for SDM/WDM Networks // Applied Sciences. 2021. Vol. 11. Iss. 9. P. 4195. DOI: 10.3390/app11094195. EDN: LZTQMC 21. Yang R., Liu L., Yan S., Simeonidou D. A Programmable ROADM System for SDM/WDM Networks // Applied Sciences. 2021. Vol. 11. Iss. 9. P. 4195. DOI: 10.3390/app11094195. EDN: LZTQMC 22. Yamaguchi K., Ikuma Y., Nakajima M., Suzuki K., Itoh M., et al. M × N Wavelength Selective Switches Using Beam Splitting by Space Light Modulators // IEEE Photonics Journal. 2016. Vol. 8. Iss. 1. P. 7901708. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2527705. 22. Yamaguchi K., Ikuma Y., Nakajima M., Suzuki K., Itoh M., et al. M × N Wavelength Selective Switches Using Beam Splitting by Space Light Modulators // IEEE Photonics Journal. 2016. Vol. 8. Iss. 1. P. 7901708. DOI: 10.1109/JPHOT.2016.2527705. 23. Ikeda K., Suzuki K., Konoike R., Kawashima H. Silicon Photonics Wavelength Selective Switch with Unlimited Free Spectral Range // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2020. Vol. 38. Iss. 12. PP. 3268--3275. DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2020.2989379. EDN: TDAJWW 23. Ikeda K., Suzuki K., Konoike R., Kawashima H. Silicon Photonics Wavelength Selective Switch with Unlimited Free Spectral Range // Journal of Lightwave Technology. 2020. Vol. 38. Iss. 12. PP. 3268--3275. DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2020.2989379. EDN: TDAJWW 24. Фокин В. Г., Ибрагимов Р. З. Гибкие оптические сети: учебное пособие для вузов. СПб.: Лань, 2022. 252 с. 24. Fokin V. G., Ibragimov R. Z. Flexible Optical Networks: A Teaching Manual for Universities. St. Petersburg: Lan' Publ., 2022. 252 p. (in Russian) Благодарности

Информация о финансировании не указана. Исследование выполнено без привлечения внешних источников финансирования.

Funding information is not provided. The study was carried out without external funding.